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Model Milestones

Releases that pushed capabilities forward and hints at what comes next

  1. 2021 01.27davinci-002

    GPT-3 series model, capable of writing coherent, intelligent text. Exceptional at marketing content with few-shot examples demonstrating format and style. Fine-tuning creates apps ecosystem.

  2. Instruction-tuned model demonstrating modern post-training foundations (SFT, RLHF) for tasks rather than completions, and provides a glimpse at future model interactions.

  3. 2023 03.14GPT-4

    A marked leap in abilities and intelligence – MoE, vision, and expensive 32k context window – accelerating the frontier model wave. Becomes the comparative reference model for years.

  4. 2023 07.11Claude 2.0

    Where Claude 1 was largely forgettable, Claude 2 and Claude 2.1 showcase Anthropic's unique approach to humanistic language generation and a massive 200k token context window.

  5. 2023 11.06GPT-4 Turbo

    Builds upon GPT-4's weaknesses, increasing intelligence and reimagines the model with 128k context length, function calling for tool usage, vision, and high TPS – in one model.

  6. 2025 02.19Grok 3

    xAI trains the first frontier model on one co-located supercomputer cluster with 200k GPUs, demonstrating that – despite the fear and rumors – pre-training scaling laws are far from over.

  7. 2025 03.19o1-pro

  8. 2025 04.16o3

    OpenAI's second generation reasoning model sets the bar for agentic behavior and intelligence. Classic benchmarks are neck-and-neck, but real-world use shows 1-2 OOM intelligence.

  9. Gemini Flash 2.5 offers lightning-fast responses, 1M context, and near-zero cost intelligence. Google perfectly rides the price:performance Pareto frontier providing developers better app margins.

Future milestones expected with 145-155 IQ at 1:10 the cost, continual model learning, human-level audio and vision capabilities, and exceptional intelligence capable of novel discovery.